网络课堂中的神经分化:创造一个感官友好的学习环境
by推荐正规买球平台
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If you’re raising a neurodivergent child, especially one who has been diagnosed with 自闭症 Spectrum Disorder, you’re likely aware of how sensory processing impacts their everyday life. 据估计 在美国，每36个家庭中就有一个.S. with children are impacted by 自闭症 Spectrum Disorder (ASD), 会影响社交技能, 演讲, 和沟通. Though it is one of the better-known disorders, 学生们可能还会经历一系列其他的神经发散性障碍.
从学习的角度来看, 了解什么样的环境对他们有益是很有挑战性的.
一个感官友好的教室可以提高学生的教育水平，鼓励他们集中注意力. 神经发散性网络学校学生的看护人有一个独特的机会来创造一个安全的氛围, 舒适的, 最重要的是, 控制, as they have the ultimate input in how their child learns from home.
As you kickstart creating a sensory-friendly learning environment at home, here’s what you need to know before getting started.
What Does it Mean to be Neurodivergent?
神经多样性是指以不同方式与周围世界互动的人. While these interactions may be different, they shouldn’t be viewed as something being “wrong” with an individual. 神经发散型的人看世界的方式与一般人不同.”
例如, information might be processed slower or faster, 哪一个在阅读等日常任务中最明显，因为他们以不同的速度记住信息.
Common Types of Neurodivergence
自闭症
自闭症被认为是一种 谱系障碍 because people with autism are diverse in what autistic traits they have, 他们如何表现, 以及他们需要的支持. 以前, 它有亚斯伯格症和广泛性发育障碍(PDD)等亚型, but they are now all classified under the umbrella of autism.
自闭症学生可能面临社交障碍、重复行为和语言障碍. 一些自闭症儿童甚至发现很难发展和理解口语，或者根本没有口语.
Students with autism may also be sensitive to certain sounds and scenery, which can cause overload or anxiety.
注意力缺陷多动症
根据疾病预防控制中心的说法，注意缺陷多动障碍(注意力缺陷多动症)是最常见的 common neurodevelopmental disorders 的童年. 虽然它可以在冲动和难以集中注意力等行为中被识别出来, students with 注意力缺陷多动症 might also forget or lose things, 经常做白日梦, 局促不安, 甚至冒不必要的风险.
If your K-12 online school student has 注意力缺陷多动症, 你可能见过他们在课堂上“走神”，或者在完成简单任务时分心. 你可能也会要求他们完成家务或家庭作业, and it was forgotten or only partially completed.
People with 注意力缺陷多动症 are often very energetic; however, because they become distracted easily, 教室里的感官区可以帮助他们学会调节注意力，让他们专注于任务.
难语症
This form of neurodivergence involves speaking, reading, and writing. 而很多人认为 难语症 比如误读或看字母的顺序颠倒，远不止这些. 例如, dyslexic students may confuse letters, have difficulty organizing sentences, and even have trouble with pronunciation.
Although they often have difficulty in those areas, dyslexic people often have many strengths, such as creativity and problem-solving skills. 当涉及到创建一个感官友好的教室时，这是特别有益的，在那里他们能够把他们的技能进行测试.
How to Accommodate Your Neurodivergent Student
体验感官超载的在线学校学生在学习过程中可能会面临一些挑战. 然而, by addressing their needs head-on, 你可以创造一种压力较小的氛围，并鼓励更好的参与, 踱来踱去, and control over their education.
看看这些课堂上的感官项目和你可以实施的策略，帮助你的学生从学习中获得最大的收获.
Use Fidget Toys as Learning Aids
给你的学生一些可以整天玩的玩具是让他们集中注意力的好方法. 烦躁不安的纺纱机, 例如, 是一个有用的感官项目，对自闭症学生或患有ADHA的人来说，因为它不会让他们走神, 指尖陀螺提供了大量的感官输入，这样他们的思维就能保持在正轨上.
除了指尖陀螺, 你也可以考虑在你的感官友好型教室里放一个压力球或油灰.
While neurodivergent students can become overwhelmed, 像这样的工具可以帮助他们集中注意力，过滤掉额外的感官信息.
消除干扰
Many neurodivergent students are easily distracted. By removing distractions in the classroom, you can help them be their best selves while learning at home. 让他们走上正轨, you can provide noise-canceling headphones so they can tune out the small, daily distractions that are happening around them.
你也可以考虑设置一个“安静的角落”，让他们在一个整洁的空间里完全安静. This doesn’t have to be in their sensory-friendly learning space either. 可以在走廊里，也可以在你的学生最舒服的任何地方.
这将给你的学生一个安全的空间来处理他们一整天的感受和情绪.
使用自然光
利用自然的优势可以改变你的神经多样性学生的学习. While a desk and fluorescent lighting have their benefits, they may also cause light sensitivity, 这会增加焦虑, 不舒服, 和易怒.
By using natural light in your learning environment, you can boost your online school student’s mood and increase their focus. Among other autism classroom must-haves, 自然光可以释放血清素，让你的房间感觉更舒适.
Use Visual Elements to Your Advantage
另一个你可以用来帮助创建一个感官友好型教室的策略是尽可能利用视觉元素. 像大多数孩子一样，神经多样性的学生在看到信息时处理得更好. 这看起来就像以日历或时间表的形式为他们每天阅读创建一个可视化的日常程序.
对于神经发散型学生来说，常规是极其重要的，因为它们是可预测和可靠的, which can make them feel safe and secure, especially when learning something new. 神经多样性的学生倾向于在重复中茁壮成长，所以结构效果最好也就不足为奇了.
Instead of writing out their classroom routine, draw pictures or use stickers or illustrations of their desk, 午餐时间的零食, or symbols representing their classwork.
结合运动
整天花时间在虚拟学校课程上可能会让一些学生难以集中注意力. If you incorporate movement into the day, it can serve as a welcome break and a way to release excess energy. This can also revitalize students to help them focus on their coursework.
Studies even show that when you allow all students time to move, it 增加他们的能力 学习. So, as you're building your at-home, sensory-friendly教室, work in time for students to get up and move around. 这可以是短暂的散步，五分钟的伸展运动，甚至是30秒的原地慢跑. 无论你在哪里可以抽出几分钟来运动，一定要好好利用它.
一个感觉友好的教室可以帮助你的神经发散的学生对他们的能力更有信心.
如果你想了解更多推荐正规买球平台如何支持你的神经多样性学生的信息，请查看这篇文章 multiple intelligences and different learning styles.
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